Bharat ek agricultural country hai. Yahan ki zyada tar aabadi kheti par depend karti hai. Aur kheti ke liye sabse zaruri cheez hai paani. Bharat mein paani ka sabse bada source nadiyaan hain. Inhi nadiyon ka paani canals ke zariye khetoon tak pahunchaya jaata hai. Is tarike ko canal irrigation kehte hain. Yeh India ki sabse purani aur sabse zyada use hone wali irrigation method hai.
Canal Irrigation Kya Hota Hai?
Canal irrigation mein nadiyon ya reservoirs ka paani artificially banaye gaye channels yaani naaliyon ke zariye khetoon tak pahunchaya jaata hai. Ye channels pakke bhi ho sakte hain aur kachche bhi. Pakke channels concrete se bane hote hain jinme paani ka waste kam hota hai. Kachche channels mitti ke bane hote hain jinme thoda paani zameen mein absorb ho jaata hai. India mein canal irrigation sabse zyada UP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan aur Andhra Pradesh mein use hota hai.
Canal Irrigation Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
Sabse pehle ek bada dam ya barrage nadi par banaya jaata hai. Is dam se paani ko rok ke ek bada reservoir banaaya jaata hai. Jab khetoon ko paani ki zarurat hoti hai tab dam ke gates khole jaate hain. Paani gravity ke zariye neeche aata hai aur main canal mein ghusta hai. Main canal se branch canals nikalti hain. Branch canals se distributary canals nikalti hain. Distributary canals se field channels nikalte hain jo seedha khetoon mein paani pahunchate hain. Ye poora system gravity se kaam karta hai — koi pump nahi lagta zyada tar jagah.
Canal Ke Types Kya Hote Hain?
Perennial canal woh hota hai jisme saal bhar paani rehta hai. Ye directly nadi se connected hota hai. Indiretly canal mein sirf tab paani aata hai jab nadi mein bahut zyada paani hota hai yaani flood ke time. Inflow canal reservoir se paani leta hai. Flood canal sirf baarish ke season mein kaam karta hai jab nadiyon mein paani bahut zyada hota hai.
Canal Irrigation Ke Fayde
Sabse bada fayda ye hai ki ek baar canal ban jaaye toh bohot bade area ko paani mil sakta hai. Ek main canal se hazaron khetoon ko paani pahunch sakta hai. Doosra fayda ye hai ki is system mein pump ki zarurat nahi hoti. Paani gravity se khud bahta hai. Isse bijli ka kharcha nahi hota. Teesra fayda ye hai ki canal ke aaspaas ki zameen bahut fertile ho jaati hai. Paani ke saath saath minerals bhi aate hain jo mitti ko aur accha banate hain. Chautha fayda ye hai ki canal ke aaspaas groundwater level bhi badhta hai. Isse kuan aur boring se paani bhi milta rehta hai.
Canal Irrigation Ke Nuksan
Har cheez ke fayde hote hain toh kuch nuksan bhi hote hain. Canal irrigation ka sabse bada nuksan ye hai ki zyada paani dene se zameen mein waterlogging ho jaati hai. Matlab zameen mein itna paani bhar jaata hai ki roots ko oxygen nahi milti aur fasal kharab ho jaati hai. Doosra nuksan ye hai ki zyada paani dene se zameen mein salt bhar jaata hai. Isko soil salinity bolte hain. Aisi zameen mein aage jaake kheti karna mushkil ho jaata hai. Teesra nuksan ye hai ki kachche canals mein bahut saara paani zameen mein chala jaata hai aur waste hota hai. Chautha nuksan ye hai ki canal banana bahut costly hota hai. Dam aur canal banane mein government ko bahut zyada paisa lagana padta hai.
Canal Irrigation Kahan Best Kaam Karta Hai?
Canal irrigation un jagahon ke liye best hai jahan badi nadiyaan hain. Jahan zameen flat hai wahan canal se paani aasani se bahta hai. Jahan rainfall kam hoti hai lekin nadiyaan hain wahan ye system bahut useful hai. Punjab aur Haryana mein iski wajah se hi itni acchi kheti hoti hai. Rajasthan jaise dry state mein bhi Indira Gandhi Canal ne laakhon hectare zameen ko irrigate kar diya hai.
Canal Ki Dekhbhaal Kaise Karein?
Canal ki regular safai bahut zaruri hai. Agar canal mein weeds aur kachara bhar gaya toh paani ka flow ruk jaata hai. Har season ke pehle canal ko saaf karna chahiye. Canal ke kinare bhi mazboot hone chahiye. Agar kinare kamzor ho gaye toh paani bahar nikal sakta hai aur aaspaas ki zameen kharab ho sakti hai. Paani ka sahi distribution ho iske liye gates aur valves ki bhi regular check karni chahiye.
Canal irrigation India ki lifeline hai. Hamare desh ki zyada tar kheti canal ke paani par hi depend karti hai. Ye system bahut purana hai