A sprinkler irrigation system should be kept running with recommended irrigation system practices. It must be ensured that the prime mover and pump are in alignment, especially in the case of tractor-driven pumps. Service and installation procedures should be observed for the pump and power unit.
The sprinkler system, motor, or engine is started with the valve. The pump should achieve the pressure stated on the type plate; otherwise, there is a fault in the suction line. When the pump reaches the operating pressure, the distribution valves are opened slowly. Similarly, the distribution valve is closed after the power unit is turned off. In a portable sprinkler system, the pipes and sprinkler lines are moved inside as needed after closing. The following steps need to be followed for the operation of the sprinkler system:
- Start the pump and open the valve to fill the pipe with water.
- Open all end caps and flush valves so that the system’s waste and obstructions are cleared. Before starting the system, the end caps and sub-mains are released so that pipe waste is washed away and air is also removed. Open the control valve and let the water flow freely from the pipe for some time. After this, close the end cap and ensure that water comes out from every sprinkler.
- Check the water pressure and discharge and ensure all sprinklers are running.
- Operate the system according to the recommended irrigation schedule.
Operation and Capacity of Sprinklers
There are two main types of spray heads for installation: Risers and Pop-ups. Both types are available in different spray patterns – full circle, half circle, quarter circle, and fully adjustable. These spray head nozzles are designed to spray water with matched intensity. It is necessary to have the same type of sprinkler head in each area so that spraying can be done at a specific rate. If different types of sprinkler heads are installed at one edge or end, it will lead to uneven distribution, causing dry or wet spots to emerge.
The operation and capacity of a sprinkler depend on the uniformity of its position for spraying water. Sprinklers are installed in such a way that they overlap the water area. This overlapping is a necessity. At low pressure, water falls in a ring far from the nozzle size. At high pressure, the water from the sprinkler nozzle breaks into small droplets that fall near the sprinkler. Almost all sprinklers are made with a radius adjustment device so that the radius can be reduced.
Operating the sprinkler at a pressure higher than its design range results in more misty or very small-sized droplets that easily fly away or evaporate.
Maintenance of Sprinklers
Do not apply oil, grease, or any other lubricants to the sprinkler. They are water-lubricated, and oil or grease can damage them or make them non-functional. A sprinkler is generally a sealed bearing, and there is a washer below the bearing. Usually, this washer gets damaged, but the metal part does not. The washer should be checked for wear and tear. A damaged washer should be replaced. After many operations, the swing arm spring of the sprinkler may need to be tightened. Finally, check all equipment and make necessary repairs and changes so that the equipment is ready for the next session.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How should I start the sprinkler pump?
Start the pump and open the valve slowly. Only open the distribution valves fully once the pump reaches the pressure shown on its plate.
Why should we open the end caps before starting?
Opening the end caps helps to wash out dirt, dust, and waste from the pipes. It also lets the trapped air out of the system.
What are the two main types of spray heads?
The two main types are Risers and Pop-ups. They can spray in full, half, or quarter circles.
What happens if I use different sprinkler heads together?
Using different heads in the same area causes uneven watering. This creates some spots that are too dry and others that are too wet.
Why is overlapping needed in sprinklers?
Overlapping is necessary so that the entire field gets an equal amount of water without leaving any gaps.
Can I put grease on the sprinkler bearing?
No. Sprinklers are water-lubricated. Putting oil or grease on them will attract dirt and make them stop working.
How can I fix a loose swing arm spring?
You can tighten it by pulling the end of the spring and tying it again to increase the tension.
What should I do at the end of the irrigation session?
You should check all tools, replace broken washers, and make repairs so the system is ready for the next time.